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When and where to protect

Protect the power supply locally to important equipment
In addition to installing protection on the mains power supply as it enters/leaves the building, protection should also be installed locally to important equipment. Protection at the main LV (low voltage) incomer(s) is necessary to prevent large transients from entering the building's power distribution system, where they could have far-reaching effects. However, where the cable run to equipment exceeds approximately 20 metres, transient overvoltages may appear on the mains after the protector at the main LV incomer.

These transients can result from:
the electrical switching of large inductive loads within the building
a lightning strike to the building - as lightning current flows through down conductors transient overvoltages can be induced on to nearby power cables
the natural inductance and capacitance of long cable runs, 'amplifying' the voltage 'let-through' the protector at the main LV incomer

Additionally, local protection guards against the possibility of a supply which enters/leaves the building being overlooked and left unprotected.
 
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